The purpose of this manuscript is to present an updated version of the examination and treatment of allergic ocular surface diseases based on available scientific evidence. Describing the diagnostic steps based on pathophysiology, it focuses on clinical characteristics. Physicians treating ocular allergies should be familiar with the main types of allergic ocular surface diseases and the treatment recommendations that vary depending on severity and course. The steps of therapy are allergen avoidance and management of tear film disorders, followed by targeted anti-allergy treatment, locally if possible, or with systemic agents if necessary. The composition and additives of eye drops affect the physiology of allergic eyes, so the optimal treatment must be chosen carefully. In some cases, immunotherapy may provide causal treatment, the indication and implementation of which is possible in collaboration with other disciplines. Underdiagnosed and undertreated allergic surface inflammation of the eye can result in permanent vision impairment due to chronic progression or inappropriate treatment. Knowledge of clinical guidelines benefits patients who are satisfied and sense safety.

Dry eye disease is one of the most common ocular surface disorders of modern times, with a complex multifactorial pathophysiology involving tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The combination of environmental, hormonal, and lifestyle-related risk factors increases its prevalence, causing significant discomfort and visual disturbance. Contemporary therapy aims not only to restore ocular surface hydration but to re-establish the homeostasis of the tear film. The artificial tear formulation combining riboflavin-conjugated hyaluronic acid (Ribohyal®) and vitamin E TPGS (D-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate) represents an innovative, synergistic approach to address the key pathological mechanisms of dry eye disease. Ribohyal® offers prolonged hydration and epithelial adhesion due to its enzymatically stable structure, while riboflavin provides local antioxidative and photoprotective effects. Vitamin E TPGS, an amphiphilic antioxidant complex, stabilizes the lipid layer, reduces evaporation, and mitigates oxidative damage. The two components act synergistically: TPGS micelles facilitate the homogeneous dispersion and penetration of Ribohyal into the mucin layer, providing “deep hydration” and sustained tear film stabilization. The hypo-osmolar, preservative-free composition minimizes epithelial toxicity and osmotic stress, enhancing patient comfort and suitability for chronic use. Clinical data from a randomized, double-blind study demonstrate that Ribohyal-containing formulations significantly improve tear film stability, osmolarity, and patient-reported symptoms, with rapid relief observed even within a few hours of instillation. The synergistic complex thus delivers triple protection – hydration, antioxidation, and lipid stabilization – targeting the principal pathogenic factors of dry eye disease. As a result, the Ribohyal® – vitamin E TPGS system represents a new generation of biocompatible ocular surface therapy, providing long-lasting relief and improved epithelial integrity.

Purpose: To report a case of a patient who developed unilateral total ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and mydriasis while receiving systemic and local antiviral treatment for ophthalmic herpes zoster.
Case history: We started local and systemic antiviral therapy for a 71-year old patient for ophthalmic herpes zoster. During the one-week follow-up examination, in addition to anterior uveitis symptoms, we also observed total ptosis, ophthalmoplegia and mydriasis, which persisted even after the resolution of the skin symptoms and tapered inflammation of the anterior segment. His treatment was enriched with oral Medrol therapy. Eight weeks after the initial symptoms, the ocular motility dysfunction resolved, ptosis eased significantly, and the mydriasis slightly lessened.
Conclusion: Ophthalmoplegia and total ptosis, which developed as a complication of ophthalmic herpes zoster showed significant improvement and recovery following systemic antiviral and steroid therapy.

Aims: To summarize the role of nutritional supplements and vitamins in glaucoma therapy.
Methods: The paper was prepared based on recent meta-analitical scientific papers.
Conclusions: Many findings suggest, that nutritional supplements and vitamins has an antioxidative, neuroprotective and vasoprotective effect. This promises a favourable role in the treatment of glaucoma. This are encouraging findings, but most clinical results are inconclusive and some study desings were not standartised also.